Journal of Islamic Studies and Culture

1. A.T.Welch, Encyclopaedia of Islam “Kur’ān”, Lieden, (1986)Vol. 5, p. 410.

2. Muhammad Rashid Razā, Tafsīr Al-Qur’ān Al-Hakīm, Cario, 1346. A.H. Vol. 1, p. 34. Al-Sa’nā’nī, Tafsīr Gharīb-ul-Qur’ān, N.D.Vol. , p. 193.

3. Al-Māwardī, Al-Nukat wa l-A’yūn, Dār ul kutab , al Ilmīa Beruit, 1992, First Edition Vol. 1, p. 27.

4. Ibn e Manzoor, Lisān-ul-Arab, Dār ul Fikar, Beruit, 1989 First Edition. “ س” Vol. 6, p. 427. Al-Zbīdī, Taj-ul-Arūs, Mustafa Ahmed Al Bāz, Maktaba al Tijarīa, ر“. 1994 ” Vol. 6, p. 553. Imām Rāghīb, Mufrīdāt, N. D. “ س” p. 254.

5. Al-Syutī, Al-Itqān, Maktaba Dar ul Baz, Macca al Madina, Al Riaz, 1996, First Edition Vol. 1, p. 64-65.Hasnaīn Muhammad Maghlūf, Safwā Al-Bayān li-M a’nī Ul-Qur’ān, Kawait, 1987, 2nd Edition p. ( ,(ز (ح)

6. Abī Ubbaīdā, Mījāz-ul-Qur’ān, Musisa al Risalah, 2nd Edition, 1981Vol. 1, p. 2

Al-Zarkashī, Al-Burhān, Dār ul Fikar, Beruit, 1988, First Edition, Vol. 1, p. 332.

Al-Zarqānī, Manahīl u-Irfān, Vol. 2, p. 243.

A.T.Welch, Encyclopaedia of Islam “Kur’ān”, Vol. 5, p.410.

Jeffery, Materials, for the history and the text of the Qur’ān, E.J. Brill 1937, p. 179.

Birkeland, The Lord Guideth, N.D. p. 30-100.

7. Muhammad Al-Seyed Al-Julnīd, Daqaīq al-Tafsīr, Āyāt Al-Ihkām, , N.D Vol. 1, p. 86 Al-Sābōnī, Muhammad Ali, Rawʿ

a’ Ul-Bayān fi Tafsīr Ayyat Ul-Ahkām, Macca al Mukarma.

8. A.T.Welch, Encyclopaedia of Islam “Kur’ān”, Vol. 5, p.410.

Bauer, Anordnung der Soren (See Bibal).

Bell Wat, Introduction of the Qur’ān, Translated with the critical rearrangement of the surah, Edinbrugh, 1937., p. 206-12.

9.Al-Nīsāī, Sunan Al Nīsāī, Kītab Al-Iftah, Hadīth Madina al Munawra No. 916-17. Abī Dawūd, 1138 A.H. Sunan Abī Dawud, Kītāb Salat-el-Irtasāqā, Hadīth No. 1182

10.Al-Thānwī, Kashaf Istalāhāt Al-Fanūn, Suhail Academy, Lahore 1993 p. 658-660.

11.Al-Syūttī, Al-Itqān, Vol. 1, p. 63. Muhammad Khalīfa, The Sublime Qur’ān, International Islamic Publisher, 1989, 2nd Edition, p. 41-42.

12. Marmadūke Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Qur’ān Text & Explanatory Translation (N.D).

13. Jeffery, Arthur, The Foreign Vocabulary of the Kor’ān, Oriental Institute Board, 1938p. 72.

14. A.T.Welch, Encyclopaedia of Islam, “Kuran”, Vol. 5, p.410-12.

15.Muhammad Mian Siddiqi, Quran aik Nazar Main, Matbuat e Hurmat, 1981 1st Edition. p. 30.

16. Al-Syutti Al-Itqān, Vol. 1, p. 52-57.

Al-Nīsaī, Sunān Al-Nīsaī, Kitab Al-Iftah, 282, Chapter Fazal Fathe Al-Kītab, Hadīth No.915.

17. Abu Ubbaīda, Mijāz-ul-Qur’ān, p. 20.

Al-Bukharī, Jame al Shahīh, Kītab al Tafsīr, Dār Ibn e Kathir, Beruit. Chapter Maja’a fi fathe

Al-Kitāb, Hadīth No. 2404

18. Al-Bukhārī, Al-Jame’ Al-Sahīh, Vol. 4, p. 1623.

Ibn e Qatiba, Tavīl Mushkīl Ul-Qur’ān, N.D p. 48.

Al-Syuttī, Al-Itqān, Vol. 1, p. 54.

19. Ibid, Vol. 1, p. 54

20. A.T.Welch, Encyclopaedia of Islam “Kur’ān”, Vol. 5, p. 411.

21. Gustav Fluge, Coherence of the Qur’ān, (N.D), Leipzig M.P. ccc: xxxiv

22. Bell, Richard, The Qur’ān Translation. (N.D),

23. Arberry, Arthur J. The kor’ān Interpreted.

24. Yousaf Ali, Abdullah, The Holy Qur’ān. (1955) george Allen & Lomiuin, London

25. Robert Paret Blachere, Le Corn. For details: Please see , the Article of Al Kur’ān in Encyclopedia of Islam 1986.

26. A.T.Welch, Encyclopaedia of Islam “Kur’ā n”, Vol. 5, p. 114

27. Ibn e Al-Shajrī, Abī Sa’dāt, Habta Allah Ali bin Muhammad al-Hussani, D. 542 A.H., Ma

Itafaaq Lafz uho wa Ikhtīlāf Ma’anah, (1996-1417) Dār al Kutab, al Ilmīa, Beruit, 1st Edition. p. 21

Imām Raghib, Al-Mufridāt, “ آيت ”p. 28

Al-Zabīdī, Tāj-ul-Uroos, “ ت“ ”ى ”Vol. 19, p. 18

Ibn e Manzoor, Lissān-ul-Arab, “ آيت ”Vol. 1, p. 272.

Ibn e Taīmīya, Daqāīq Al-Tafsīr, Mūsīsā Uloom ul Qur’ān, Beruit. p. 81-86.

Al-Sabzwarī, Al-Jadeed, (1985) Dār ul Ta’ruf Li Matbuāt, N.D. Beruit. Vol. 3, p. 400.

Abu Ubbāīdā, Mijāz-ul-Qur’ān, Vol. 1, p. 5.

29.Jeffery, The Foreign Vocabulary, p. 72.

30. Ibrāhīm Abyarī, Tarīkh Al-Qur’ān, Dār ul Qalam p. 69.

31.Ibn e Jannī , Al-Mutasīb, (1998) Dvr ul Kutab al Ilmia, Beruit, 1st Edition. Vol. 1, p. 13.

32.Al-Zarkashī, Al-Burhān, Vol. 1, p. 262.

33.Subhī Saleh, Mabāhīs, p. 41.

Al-Jalnaīd, Muhammad Al-Seyyed, Daqaīq Al-Tafsīr Al-Jamʿ

e’-Ul-Tafsīr Al-Imām Ibn e

Taīmīyā, Vol. 1, p. 86.

34. Al-Zarkashī, Burhān, Vol. 1, p. 257.

Subhī Salah, Mubahīs, p. 7.

35.Ibne Attīyā, al-Mahrur Ul-Wajīz, (1992) Al Majlis e Ilmīa, Bannas Vol. 1, p. 35.

Al-Zrkashī, Al-Burhān, Vol. 1, p. 257.

i.Al-Undalasī, Ahmed bin Ibrahīm bin Zubaīr, Kītab Al-Salat (Muqadma). N.D

ii.Al-Zahbī, Meīzān Ul-I’tdāl Fi Naqad Ul-Rījāl, (1995) Dār ul Kutab, al Ilmīa, Beruit, 1stEdition Vol. 4, p. 59.

iii. Al-Bukharī, Al-Tarīkh.

Hanmbal, Ahmed, Musnad Ahmed bin Hanmbal (1993) Maktaba Dār ul Bāz, Macca al

Mukarma, (Hashiya Allama Ahmed Muhammad Shakir) Vol. 1, p. 329

iv. Hanmbal, Musnad Ahmed, Vol. 1, p. 330.

v.Ibid, Vol. 1, p. 330.

vi. Ibid, Vol. 1, p. 330.

Abu Dawood, Sunān Abī Dawood, (N.D) Vol. 1, p. 207.

Al-Jadī’, Abdullah Yusuf, Al-Muqdamah Al-Islamī Fi Uloom-ul-Qur’ān, (2001) Mosīsā al

Rīsalah Beruit, 1st Edition p.137.

Al-Qurtabīs, Al-Jame’, (1937) Matba Dār ul Kutab al Misrīa. Vol. 1, p. 43.

Ibn e Khalwīyā, Kitāb I’rāb Salasīn Sūr’ah min al-Qur’ān Al-Karīm, (1941) Matba Dār ul

Kutab al Misria. p.9-10.

Al-Bukhari, Al-Jame’, Vol. 4, p. 1703-1757.

vii. Al-Jadī’, Al-Muqdmahāl ul-Islamīyā, p. 144.

Alusī, Rul-al-Maanī, (1997) Dār ul Fikar, Beruit, Vol. 1, p. 36.

Al-Khāzīn, Ala-ud-Din Ali bin Muhammad bin Ibrāhīm Al-Baghdādī, D. 728 A.H., Tafsīr Al-

Khāzīn Al-Musammā Lubāb Al-Tavīl Fi M

ʿa’ani Al-Tanzīl, (1995) Dār ul Kutab al Ilmīa,

Beriut, Vol. 1, p. 18.

Al-Qustlānī, Fath-ul-Barī, (N.D) Dār e Sādīr, Beruit, Vol. 3, p. 37.

Suabhī Salh, Mubāhis, p. 142.

viii. Hanmbal, Masnad Ahmed, Ravī: usman bin Al-Aa’ss, Vol. 5, p. 254. HN 1459.

44. Al-Bukhārī, Al-Jame’ Kītāb Al-Tafsīr, Hadīth No.4531.

45. Al-Qusharī, Muslim bin Hajāj, Al-Jam

ʿe al-Sahīh, Vol. 7, p. 245.

46. Sūr’ah Al-Baqara, 2: 281.

47. Al-Baghdadi, Alla-ud-Dīn Ali bin Muhammad, Tafsīr Al-Khāzīn Al-Musamma Lubāb Ul-

Tāvīl, Vol. 1, p. 19.

48.Al-Sajistānī, Abī Dawood Sulemān bīn Al-A’sha, Sunan Abu Dawood, Kītab Ul-Salāt, Chapter Man Jhara Bīhī, Hadīth No. 788Vol. 1, p. 207.

49.Al-Tabraīzī, Walī-ud-Din, Muhammad bin Abdullah, Mishkāt Ul-Msaābīh, (1406) Manshurate al Maktab e Islamī, Kitab Al-Fazāīl Al-Qur’ān, Chapter 2, Part 3, hadith No. 2165 Al-Syutti, Al-Itq’ān, Vol. 1, p. 58, type 18 Chapter Jam-ul-Qur’ān wa Tarteeba.

50.Al-Tabrānī, Al-Muʿajam al-Awast, N.D. Mahammad al Tahama, Maktaba al Muarif Li Nasherwl Tauzin . al Riaz . Vol. 2, p. 544, HN1934. Al-Hasīmī, Noor-ud-Din Ali bin Abi Baker, (1986) Masisā al Risālah, Beruit, Maajmʿa’ al-Zawaīd wa Manbā’ Ul-Fawaīd, Vol. 1, p. 157, Ch. Araz Ul-Kitab Ba’ad Amlaihi.

51.Sura Hud, 11: 13

52. Sura An-Nisa, 4: 2

53.Sura An-Nisa, 4: 3

54.Sura Al-Hajj, 22: 30

55.Sura Al-Qases, 28: 51

56. Al-Hākīm, Abi Abdullah Muhammad bin Abdullah Al-Nisapurī, Al-Mustadrīk Al-Sahīhīn, (1990) Dār ul Kutab al Ilmīa, Beruit, 1st Edition. Kitab Al Tafsīr, Hadīth No. 2901, Vol. 2, p.668.

57.Al-Kurdī, Muhammad Tahīr bin Abdul Qādīr, Tarīkh e Al-Qur’ān wa Gharāīb Rasmuoh wa

al-Hukmā, (1953) Mustafa al Babī Al Halbī Wa Uladuho, Cario, p. 71.

Al-Zarkashī, Al-Burhān, Vol. 1, p. 297.

Ibrāhīm Ibyarī, Tarīkh Al-Qur’ān, p. 62.

58.Al-Zabaidi, Taj-ul-Aroos, Fasal: hamzata min Bab Akl-Faa’, Vol. 128, p. 100-101.

Ibn e Manzoor, Lissān-ul-Arab, Vol. 2, p. 44.

59.Al-Tirmāzī, Al-Jame Al-Sahīh, N.D. Dār e Imran, Beruit Vol. 5, p. 199.

60.Al-Syuttī, Al-Itqān, Vol. 1, p. 66.

Qazī Abu Baker, Al-Intīsār. (N.D)

Ahmed, Al-Musnad, Vol. 5, p. 254, Hadith No. 17459.

61.Al- Syuttī, Al-Itqān, Vol. 1, p. 66.

Al-Zarkashī, Kashaf, Vol. 1, p. 6

62.Al- Syuttī, Al-Itqān, Vol. 1, p. 67.

Al-Mūsalī, Al-Musnad Al Musalī. (N.D)

63.Ibid.

64.Ibid, Vol. 1, p. 67-69.

Al-Musal ī, Al-Musnad Al Musal ī.

65.Al-Syūtti, Al-Itqān, Vol. 1, p. 69. Al-Wāh īdī, Al-Tafsīr al Wasīt.

66.Muhammad Ali, Translation of the Holy Qur’ān. (N.D)

67.A. T.Welch, Encylopaedia of Islam, “Kur’ān”, Vol. 5, p. 411-12.

M. Watt, Belief in a height God (ISS) Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. Xvi, p.25-40.

I have taken this reference from Encyclopaedia of Islam, Kuran article.

William, A. Graham, Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. 2, p. 209.

67. Sūr’ah Al-Namal: 30.Al-Tabrī, Jamʿ

e Ul-Biyān, (1988) E.J. Brill Vol. 1, p. 53.

Al-Syūttī, Al-Dūr ul-Mansoor, (14110 Dār ul Kutab, al Ilmīa Beruit Vol. 1, p. 28.

Muhammad Rashīd Razā, Al-Tafsīr Ul-Qur’ān-al-Hakīm, (1346) Vol. 1, p. 46.

Al-Kīrmanī, Gharāīb Al-Tafsīr wa Ajāīb Al-Tavīl, Mosisa Uloom ul Qur’ān Vol. 1, p. 95.

Al-Tusī, Abī Jaffer Muhammad bin Al-Hassan, Al-Bay’ān Fi Tafsīr Ul-Qur’ān, (N.D) Dār eIhia Al Turās ul

Arabī, Beruit, Vol. 1, p. 24.

Al-Sābonī, Muhammad Ali, Rawaī’ Ul-Bayān Tafsīr Ayat Ul-Ihkām min Al-Qur’ān, (N.D)

Macca Al Mukarma. Vol. 1, p. 19.

Abdul-Fatah, Al-Badūr Ul-Zahrā Fi Al-Qirā’t Al-Asher Al-Matwatra min Tarīqī Al-Shabīa wa

Al-Darta,(1995) Cario. p. 14.

Al-Qurtabī, Al-Jam

ʿe’, Vol. 1, p. 43.

Ibn e Khalwīya, Kitab I’rāb Salāseīn.

Al-Barūsī, Ismaīl Haqī, D 1137 A.H., Tanvīr Ul-Azhān min Tafsīr Ruh-ul-Bayān, (1989) Dār

ul Qalam Damascus 1stEdition Vol. 1, p. 11-12.

68.Abī Dawood, Sunan Abī Dawood, Kitab-a-Salat, 126, Man Jahara bihi, Hadith No. 788, Vol

1, p. 207.

A.T.Welch, Encyclopaedia of Islam “Kuran”, Vol. 5, p. 411-12.

69.Subhī Saleh, Mubahīs.

Al-Jadī, Al-Muqadma-ul-Islamīa, p. 144.

Al-Syutti, Al-Itqān, Vol. 2, p. 65.

Alusī, Ruh-ul-Mʿ

aanī, Vol. 1, p. 36.

Al-Khāzīn, Lubab Al-Tavvl, Vol. 1, p. 18.

Al-Qanūjī, Fatah-ul-Bayan, Vol. 3, p. 37.

70.Al-Bukharī, Al-Jamʿ

e Al-Sahih, Vol. 4, p. 1703-1775.

71.Ibn e Adīl, Al-Bāb, Vol. 1, p. 151.

72.Al-Makhlūf, Safwā -ul-Bayān, p. ك

73.Al-Jazrīrī, Abdul Rehmān, Kitāb Al-Fīqh Fi Al-Mazahib Al-Arab’ ā Kīsm ul-Ibadā, Vol. 1, p.257.

74.Ibn e Hajer, Fatah-ul-Bārī, Vol. 8, p. 127.

Wjdī, Muhammad Farīd, Daīra Al-Mū’arif Al-Qur’ān Al-A’shrīn, Vol. 2, p. 192.

75.Imām Shafai, Kitāb ul Ilem, p. 107-108.

76.Al-Makhlūf, Safwā Ul-Bayān, p. ك

77.Al-Syutti, Al-Itqān, Vol. 2, p. 65.

78.Al-Bukhārī, Al-Jamʿe Al-Sahīh, Kitab Fazaīl-e-Qur’an, Chapter 5, Unzīla al Qur’ān alā Sabʿae-

Ihrāf, hadīth No. 4991, Vol. 4, p. 19.

79.Al-Julnīd, Muhammad Al-Sayyed, Daqaī’q Ul-Tafsīr, Vol. 1, p. 108-109.

80.Al-Bukhārī, Al-Jamʿe’ Al-Sahīh.

81.Al-Jualneīd, Muhammad Al-Sayyed, Daqāī’q Ul-Tafsīr, Vol 1, p. 108.

Jeffery, Foreign Vocabulary of the Qur’ān, p. 140

82.Ibn e Manzoor, Lissān-ul-Arab, “ ر ح م ”, Vol. 3, p. 1610.

Al-Zubaīdī, Taj-ul-Ārūs, “ م ”, Vol. 16, p. 278.

Imām Rāghīb, Al-Mufrīdāt, Origin: ر ح م

83.Al-Maraghī, Ahmed Mustafa, Tafsīr Al-Maraghī, Vol. 1, p. 27.

Al-Juhrī, Al-Shaha,

Dr Farhat Aziz is the Assistant Professor of Forman Christian College University, Pakistan. She has over 9 years of teaching experience; worked as Examiner, External Paper Setter, Viva Voce Examiner for Punjab University, Lahore College Women University, Government College University Lahore; 08 Published articles in national journals; 09 Published articles in international journals; 18 published articles in national newspapers; 3 published articles in local magazines; Research interest: Qura’nic Sciences, Islam and West , Orientalism and Occidentalism, Islamic Law and Jurisprudence, spirituality and moral development and course designing. Advisor: Islamic Society FCC. She can be reached at [email protected]