The Islamic Policies of the Dutch Colonial Government in Madura at the End of the 19th Century: Kiai Semantri Movement in Sampang Madura in 1895
Dr. Iswahyudi
Abstract
The colonial government had the notion that if the Madurese did not get special attention, one day there would be an upheaval of resistance. Starting from this, most of the Dutch policies implemented in Madura were based on religious considerations (Islam). It can be said that since the second half of the 19th century the Dutch government showed suspicion towards religious teachers who were considered to be the instigators of various rebellions in various parts of the Dutch East Indies. This is because the indigenous leaders have experienced a decline, so that people who usually live in rural areas turn to new trusted leaders, namely the kiai and hajj. They opposed the authority and leadership of not only the traditional indigenous elite, but also the colonial government and consequently felt the need to keep a close eye on the actions of the new leaders. The Kiai Semantri resistance movement in Prajan village in 1895 appeared strangely in the form of a religious rebellion in Sampang. There is an opinion that the events of 1895 should be seen as the most potential manifestation of direct rule. The end of traditional government in Madura resulted in a loss of socio-political balance and direct encounters between colonial rulers and the newly emerged Madurese kiai. However, considering what happened mainly based on colonial reports, it becomes clear that the Sampang incident erupted more because of a misunderstanding on the part of colonial agents than because of the armed resistance led by Kiai Semantri in Prajan, Sampang, Madura.
Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jisc.v10n1a2
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